paper 12 English Language Teaching.

Ø      Importance of english language in Gujarat,compared to other states of  India:-

                            English language gained its popularity in india with the coming of british,They  ruled india for nearly two centuries.During this perid they gredually introduced english and westurn educatin to great a class of indian who coud serve the imperial ruler as an official and link between them and masse .

                            In 1997  ,when india become free,some of our leader were not in feverof intruducing english in our curriculer.but actually speking it was the english language that helped us as a great unifying force in our struggle for freedom.Many of our leaders insprired from the rightthing of the graet thinkers lie ruskin,caryle,Lincol,and other who wrote in english,Realizing the importance of english language for growth,development and advancement of India,pandit nehru and Dr.radha krishna were not in fever of abolishing in completely.

                            As in gujarat,all things of foreign/england was avoided,because gandhiji was from gujarat so people of gujarat has believed in ‘’Gandhi na gijarat ma Angrez nahi’’ and they were highly followed it still freedom and also after the freedom,all states has invited this language in their day to day life and also in education but some how Gujarat could not accepected it but after 1971,english language has established its important in Gijarat also.Before write about importance of english language in gujarat,let`s have glance over on objectives of teching english as a second language in gujarat.

                          In heterogeneous society like our the need for learning english,differ from one to another person.As english is second language,its very difficult tas for a techer to teach it.To teach it teacher has to………

 understand the nature of language

 Keep in mind principales psychological of language learning

Be awere of aims and objectives

v      Objectives:

                          The term aims and objectives are used interchagebly.However both have different maeaning.The main difference beging aim provide genral direction to educational purpose whereas objectives indicate particular achiever tobe made in specific time limit,There are two types of objective….

                            1]Genral

                             2]Specific.

          1] Genral Objectives:

                           The genral objectives are long-term aims in comparision to the specific objectives.The genral objectives are par with the aims and education.Therefore they are meant to be achived during the schlling period of pupil.As english begins from class-I and continus to be studied upto xII th class,these genral obectives are to be well spread from I  to XII classes of school period,These genral objectives are decided in advance. They are disinet for each subject and standard.They state what to achive at the end of the year or course.

Ø       Meaning:

General objective are the statement indicating genral achivement regarding knowledge comprehension,appliction,skill etc there can be many specific objectives for one genral objective.

   

       1)Semantic aspect:

              It releted to understand meaning; meaning of words and their relanship with other worda used in a sentence.

2)Phonetic aspect:

               It deals with speech sound, spellings and pronounciation of words

3)Graphic aspect:

            It deals with the wriiten from of a language it deals with representation of language and script.

4)Phonic aspect:

             It deals with reading aspect of language

             Language devlopment and literary development are also genral objectives.but it can help student to mug up english language,but not helpful in day to day communication.

               2]Specific objectives:

                      Besides the above stated genral.Objectives of teaching english the teacher shiould have definite cler cut aims for each lession  in his mind.They are called the specific objectives.In  other words these ae objective of teaching the content of lesson so indicate particular acivment to be made within specific time imit.they are short-term goals,and can be achived in the classroom.They are definite,clear,precise,to the point and exprssible in the terms of achivment.They are achivable in day-today learning.They will very according to the teaching point of a teacher.So it is very necessary for a teacher to specify his ojjectives of teaching.It helps him to know what he is to do of a particular lesson,why $ how.

                            objective is an intent comminicated by statement describing  a propsed change in a learner a statement of what the learner is to be like when he has successfully completed a learning experince.it is a description of patton of behaviour.We want the learner to bo able to demonstrate.

                          In gujarat after 198,english should be taught,accoding to above mential objectives.through these objectives to learn english becomes more simple for the leaner at primitive stage.

                          So these objectives are helpful for learning english language easily and most of student can avoid their fear to learn language..

                         In secondary,higher secandary and primary school of gujarat,english learn through these objectives.

v                  The language formula followed by the gujarat Government:

          Gujarat follows the three language formula recommended by the union government,in addition to the teaching  a classical language, sanskrit at the school level.It is in the line with the centerl government`s edcanional policy.The language offerded are gujarati,hindi,english and snaskri,The state government in gujarat follows the formula for the overall benfit of not only the stage natives but also tha non-natives living in gujarat.The government of gujarat has born in mind that any language should far be offered for learning only with a a clear purpose in mind.The farmer of the language policy of the gujarat government considered the question of

(1) the number of language that can be learned by pupil and,

(2) the stage of stages at which the study of these language shuld be commended.

               The government has concider one  more perspetive.That is ,the mediam of instrument of for the non-native 9recent arrivas)and prescribe for spekers of gujarati.It has prescribe two media of instruction,namely.the gujarati medium (for th natives and native spears of gujarati)and english mediam (for the non-nativea who are non-native speaker of gujarat),

                In states like kerala where english for all student is compulsory but in gujarat english  language in higher secondery school but after 2006 english language is compulsary hor higher secondary standered and also after 2010 in primary standred,the level of english language becomes higher,as they are not learn only aophabets of English language as before it tought in primary standered in gujarat but after 5^th standered they also learn poetry,lessons of short storise etc… So it maes them to  improve their language by their ownnot mugup language as a subject.

v                  English – language curriculum:

                     The language offered in the school system are arrenged and nameed in termes of a sequentional hireachy.he first language,second language,third language and fourth language.Gujarati is called the first language.Hindi is caalled second language.english is third language and the fourth language offerred is Sanskrit.but now sitiation change english placed as second language and hindi can be selected as an optinol language.But in primary standered english language comes at the thrird language.In these language ,the government has prepared textbook  of two levels.Higher level and lower level.The higher level text books and teaching include both the language and litoary content where as the lower leval textbook and teaching include only the language of functionll aspects that aim at giving a good commicative ability to the learness.The difference in the texcual levels in a given language is a two years between higher  and lower levels of the same language.The Gitterion for placing a student ar approprite level is not the mediam of insrruction but the status of the student as a native or non –native (recent arrivel) and native,or non-native sper in the case of the first language and second language.In totality ,all the student have to study all four language at one or thae other level.The teaching of each language commences at a certain leval of standered in a given school .The intention is to see that all the student exposes to some level of skill in the communication litery or the  language aspected of language prescribe.It serves to fulfil the guidelines prescribed by the education plicy to a certain extent,and meet the language education need of the pupil in gujarat.

v                  Place of English language in Gujarat:

A great deal of controversy exitea about the palce of english in the scheme of studies especially in nor thern India.Mr.promod mahajan,a yong,promient and capable cabinet minister of the bjp government,he has said that Indian

                    “The success of indian information

                    Technology sector around the world.

                      Was due to the competance of indian

                     Experts in english.’’

In gujarat, the teaching of english for the naitves and native spekers of gujarati begings at the lower level.the number of good english teacher is indeduate even to meet this task.English is llowed as the first language to the non-native from the pre-primary level at the higher level.But the natives it is offered as the second languagge at the lower level from thr third standred.The contents at the lower are similer to the preprimary level meant for the non-natives.

v                  Dificulties faced by the teacher in teaching of english:

          This is also one of the resone that why Gujarat was lacking to learn enaglish in compare to other states if inadia.

           

            Teaching of english Gujarat is a many sided problem.The teacher of eanglish who has to face these problems should be familler with the nature and scope of these problems.They should know how to arganize these teaching at varoous level in order to minimiaed these adverse effects.Some challnging in the contects of a complex indian situation  in which the child must study in  mother tongue and english as well .The english languagae institutes at hyderbad has been doing useful work to solve diffioulties of indian children in learning english.Nevertheless desite researcheres an investingation done in India and other contries to  discover better teaching of teaching english.But result is not gained.

The problems are………

1] policy on english:

        Since the mid-1950`s the government policy towards retaining english has been ratherwee,cosulting uncertain-ting and unpredicatable.

2] Goals of English Teaching:

         The teaching of english in india and purticulary in gujarat has many co-distanct purposes.Each of them reqring a different approch and differrent condition for it`s success.The four purpose are social,technicle and admistrative and cutter. Thus student are coming to school with vwrious requirment and needs so it is difficult for a teacher to fulfill all the needs and requirements.

         Over crowed classes, substandred of  boos,lac of supplementary reader and workbook are also become barrier to learn english languagae.

         But the most important natewoty thing is that students of gujarat habitual to mug up grammar structures and sentence and learn it as subject not as a language.

v                  Conclusion:

In spite of the fact that different political combinatins came to power in Gujarat Since imdependence ,the uniformity in the education police of the state seems to have been mintained.The policy certainly fulles in  level ofline with the central government`s guidence on education in terms of the number of languagage to be taught.It offer four language to the students. The languages are taught either at the high level r lower levels ,depending upon the native and non native spekers of gujarati,and the dominate language of state,even the standeard of each boo for each level is stipulated.Due considertion has been given to the language learning load of the student and hence the teaching of a particular language commencense at a suitable level of entry level acquintance at s suitble  level of entery level acquintance with the language to be  learned.This is not to say that there is totle arreement with this policy;one could easily discern the tondency to enroil in large numbers in provites schools that start  teaching in privet schools that higher level than presribed in the  state syllabus..The gujarat government educational policy valus language sentiment`s of gujaratis  and at the same time trise to avoid any confronataion eith center,with  regard to teaching hindi .In order to keep the communicative ability  in english while at the same time not burding the students with a heavy load of english it has presoibed english as a second languagge for the natives  with a lower-level text book.Since gujarati has its roet in classical sansrit,this language too has become one of the languages taught as the fourth languges in the high school  just for a pervide of 3 years.

paper 11 The post colonial literature

ImaginaryHomelands:
               1) Atten Borough ‘s Gandhi  2)Hobson –Jobson.

        Imaginary  Homeiands , a collection  of Salman Rushdle’s Jaknalism From the last decade,  thus provides Several  Services. It Gives Us a non ficion Rashclie database , the direct voice of this upsetter of international business  -as- usual  without distorting media static. It also  unpacks Rushdie longstanding general positions – socialist, secularist, modernist, anticolonialist, anti  American – through short out bursts  keyed to concrete topics.

     Most illuminating,it exposes both the self-righteous side of Rushdie that made his support among literary peers for Shakier in private than in public,and a more recent (and appling) turn to  introspection.

  The 70 pieces divided into 12 Sections. The first three parts of Imaaginary Homeiands gather Rushdie’s thoughts on What he  calls “SubContinental” matters, from  the assinationl of  Indira Gandhi to the Work of novelist Anita Desai, A Particularly representative essay, “Common Welath does not  exist” angrily rejects the marginalizatiol of non – British Writcrs of English.Section-4 Contains Rushdie’s responses to T.V. and movie Subjects , Such as. Indian director Stayjit Ray and Richard Atton Borough’s osar- Winning Gadhi.

Section-5 examines a frequent ushdie concern,the condition of third world migreates in britain and Section-6 focuses on british politics.The next five parts reprint Ruchdie`s reviews of boos by authors from around te world and the finale five pieces should be linked to `stanic verses crisis.’ Rushdie remaks hopefully in his preface that,

``reason is slowly replacing anger at the center of the debate.’’

1] Attenborough`s  Gandhi:

                         The Essay,attenborough`s Gandhi,in which eassiyat talk about the movie `Gandhi.’ As I have mention before that section -4 contain rushdie`s responses to t.v. and movie subjects so here talks about the same.

                       The essay starts with the word ``Deification’’, and he further said that defication is an indian disease,as attonborough might now about it and he has construct Gandhi as a `` Mahatma’’,as it is indian disease to say that ``Avtar’’ will come and do somting good for human being and they maes a human as a ``Avtar’’ and console their humanself and deend over avtar and attonborough has do it in the movie.But he has not describe``Gandhi-a gafty human’’ and Attonborough knew that what Indians like and what oscar-nobel commitlee would be like and for that he has just put the image of Gandhiji as a Mahatma and he has avoided Nathuram Godse`s speech,ploticalthriller also absent in te movie.

                         As Attonboroug`s didn`t include speech of Nathuram Godse``s because he knew that ,no one like d to watch or listen Nathuram Godse as he has killed ``Mahatma’’ in that case Nathuram is a villan and if he has included this portion in to movie than movie might not be selected as a oscar winning movie.Here we can say that Richard AttonBorough has chosen the events,in the movie.Which is distorted the history.

                        We have a mindset that ``Gandhi’’ movie ,made in wastern is must be good. An movie gathered applause for this reson that a western has made the movie on Gandhi and also the character of Gandhi,played by the western man ben kingsley,so it for must be selected for the Oscar,People don`t like to Giticice over western,bthough the movie has lots of misteke but it is our mindset that movie must be good as it was made in western,but kushdie was in against of it and he has criticised the movie.

Rushdie asks:

           `` Why American academy wish to help him by offering In  a temple eight glittering statuettes to a film?’’

                A. The exotic  impulse to see India as the Fountainhed of spiritual  plystical wisdom

                b. The christion longing for a leader`s dedicated to ideals  for poverty and simplicity

                c. A political desire that revolutions should be made purely by non –violence alone.

                           Rushdie says that the british have been mangling Indian history for centurise.Much of debate has been done about this movie that why not subhas chandra bose? Why  no Tagore? Why not Nehru? The answer is that the center is important for nay artistic wor because that creates.

                            There are many powerful sequences in this movie.For intence,the American massare,in court-martial an  englishman asks  the qustion about jalawala bagh to dyer.The scenes say that his actions were tose of cruel and immediately after condemned by Anglo-India .it was false.

                            The British in panjab 1919 afaired of second Indian munity.When Dyer gose to england,he was welcomed as a here.The maganing was  completely changed here.Dyer villan for us and here for them.In the movie Gandhi`s assassinaion comes in the beginning as well as in the end also.In between this there is nothing about Assassatoin.In the movie,Nathuram Godse is member of the Hindu-fanatic Rss, Who blamed Ggandhi as a reason for partition.In the movie is in  crowd that represents him differently,

-          It may be that he represants the crowd that turned aginst Gandhi

-          Godse was `one lone  met’

-          Gandhi is a christ and his assassination is the crucifixion which is done by godse.

           In the movie Godse was not the reprsentative of mob because he was not alone in his wor.The awkward aspects are there in the movie.The movie also omists Gandhi`s Fondness for Indian bilioner industrialist.He died in Brila house in Delhi.

         Gandhiji also repress ents the portrits of most of leader .who struggled for the independence.Sardar patel is a hardworing man whereas he is like a clown here ;jinha is portrayed as count dracula ,the most important change in the personality of Nehru.

        Nehru was not Gandhi `s diciple their debate was famous. Nehru was the urban sophisyicated person  wo wanted to industrialize india while Gandhi was a rural man,indi craft loving and so,there was confined in their ideas.In this film,nehru becomes acolyet of gandhiji.Here Bose was vident.he improved the movie.The message of gandhi was to fight against oppressors without weapon,without biolence but it was all non-sence.The leader in India did succeeds because they were moral than British.The british were smarter.Crefter who fought with politician than opponents.

      Rushdie says that it in a satirized manner that it was best film of 1983,acording to hidden agenda oscar shididh comitte and god help the film  industry.it was expensive movie.Thus Rushdie gives his views about Attenborough `s Gandhi and at the end he significantly said that,

`` Rich man lie emperors ,have always had a weaness for tame men holy men for saints”

v    HOBSON  JOBSON

                      Hobson Jobson, a humourous essay by sulman Rushadie laugh over western.

Hobson Jobson as Salman Rushdie comses from words Ya hussain,these words are from muslim religion and western could not heard the words properly,ya husan ya husan

And they puts the name like hobson.Jobson and here Rushdie laugh over Western that they heard Ya husan ya husan as Hobsan Jobson.

                   Hobson Jobson is a unique lexicon of british India,part dicionary,part social history, a hugegly entertaining compliation of words and phrases here published for the first time with the published for the introduction and notes that shed light on the book’s origins,inflence and cultural significance. A classic work of victorian scolarship, the glossary unlocks the Raj throgh its language and it is the perfect introduction to colonial attitudes and companion to Indian literature from kipling to Rushdie.

               The book,which documents the words and phrases that entered english from Arabic,persian,Indian and chinese sources and the vice versa as Salman Rushdie described as the legendary dictionary of British India.It shows how words of Indian origin were absorded but the culture  of Raj.It encompasses aspects of the history,trade.peoples and geography of Asia.

          As during Breitish Raj in India,they couldnot speak such words of India so that turns them in to their own pronounciation and accent,as they were in power position so what they spoke was right as such words which they turned are,

             

                   India                 Western

                      

                   Culcutta           Kolkata

                   shyamala         shimala

                   vadodara          Baroda

                   Kheda                Kheira

        People believe that Western people has accepted Indian language and also other languages and they call as “ English is more flexible language than other.”In this way they call their language a flexible language but it is flexible for them and flexible according to their prefer,if Indians or other Asian countries people speak in English they laugh over them but as English people are too smart that they knew that they will also become laughing figure when they pronounce our language so they created the dictionary. Imperial power effects in every field,as it’s also effect over language as English people were in power position so what they speak,everyone has to follow them if they were wrong,no one is ready raise voice against them.As now America is in a Power position so American speaks English but according to their pronunciations and such kind of things and no doubt we all like to follow them as English people cannot pronounce  consonant sound “R” easily so they ignore R sound from the word like “Car”, from their language and what we do ? we think that it is a proper way to ignore “R” sound from such words and we also pronounce it like them but American think that they can easily pronounce the sound “R” so they speak it easily so they speak English in their style so now power position change so we all like to follow them.

     The essay as written by post colonial writer Rushdie,so doubt must be their,as Western might have good idea to create dictionary but post colonial doubt is that it is an effect of imperialism,and western who laugh over others,but Rushdie gives a new way to laugh on them.

paper 10 The American literature

*Theme of death in the poem “Home Burial”

      The poem home burial by robert frost deals with various them such as dramatic monologue between husband and wife, social adjustment in human relationship,anger of mother/wife to wards husband,barrier of hatred,A moment of spiritual crisis,failur of language to communicate,but the them of death has affected in all the themes of poem and death is the center in the poem.

     North of boston is frost`s ''book of people,''and there are many abnormal and oloenated people in it, One such is the ''over wrought'' mother in the home burial cracking up under a burden of grief over the death of her first born,It is the shadow of her dead child which brings her in conflict with her husband and aliants them.it is a dramatic dialogues in which the action is devloped through the dialoge between husband and wife.The couple is cought in a moment of spiriual,and the suppression of theire emotion has all the intensity of a lyric.

      The over-wrought,excited mother cannot forgate that her husband himself dug the game of their ownchild in their little grave yard and himself buried him there.She regards it as an indication of the callousness of her husband and has brought her to the very point of mental breackdown.He is a simple man and is baffled by the obsessiveness of her sorrow.

        ''I do think ,though you over do

        it a little,What was it brought

        You up to think it the thing

        To take your mother-loss of a

        First child so''

            He think that his love for her should be sufficient to console her.''But there is not one point of contact remaining between them, for him life gose on in spite ge herief,for her grief over with the sense of life;for him,grife can be submerged beneath the every day existence of life,for her this is impossible'' She hates husband because he had been unfeeling enough to dig his own baby`s grave to intrude upon her grief with talk of aomman thing.

        ''What and how long it takes a birch

         to not to do with what was in

        darkened parlour you coud`nt care.''

        Death of a child highly influenced over mother more than to the father,Forest has shown the theme of death from the perspective of mother and perspective of father and human when women become wife she is more wife than the daughter.Whom she become a mother,she is more mother than wife,as here the death of a child,put her in a situation to leave her husband.

      As john f.lunen has such views:the real drama and core of the poem lies in the psychological change in the attitude of the emotionally excited wifw,and effect of death on her emotions .''She is made to talk,to express her grief in words,and such self -expression soothes and consoles,and result in the attainment of new perception by expressing her feeling in words.She come to understand them''.She imagines that must give over her life to her sorrow for the child 1s death.The offect of death of child as,she refuses accept her husband`s love ,because he seems to have accepted this death with callous indifference.She cannot understand how he should have came buride the child himself.She is horrified that he should have come into the kitchen with his boots muddy from the earth of the grave .and left the shoved in the entry way.In the days since then she was cut herself off from him,erecting a barrier of hatred between them,because of the influence of death of child on mother ''now,as her husband,force her to talk of these things,she at last come to see that her grief and resentment resualt from the pain of discovering that human nature is limited and cannot sacrifice everything to sorrow.When she finally asserts,half hystrically,that she will not compromise her grife by returning to normal life,one senses that she herself sees the absurdity of her attitude.Her husband`s kind ,yet fire,reasonableness indicates that throgh.she still suffers from the excess of grife,the crisis is now past and she will evetally be led back to life''.

       The death of child turned in to sadness of a couple as,

       

           ''what was it broughat you uo to

            think it the thing to take

            your mother -loss of a first

             Child so inconsolably in

             the face of love.''(66-68)

          The Husband assumes that his wife`s been brought up to see inconsolable grief after the loss of a child to be trendy.''the thing to do.''Dose that seen like a fair assessment to you?

         Here are some lines from the poem,Which reveals the death and its grife of both husmand and wife and perspetive of both to look towards death.

  

         ''The littal graveyard where my

          people are!so small the

          window frames the whole of it

          Not so much larger than a

           bedroom,is it? (line no-24-26)

         The husband has grown up with this graveyard nearly so death,for him,is a fact of life that`s always presant .it`s also kind of weird that he would compare the graveyard,Where people are buried when their lives over,to the bedroome ,Where many lives get their first beginning,but it`s all part of the circle of life for this guy.

          ''[    ] it is not the stones,

           but the child`s mound--'' (30-31)

           Here the man shows that he sees what`s bothering the woman,though in a sense he dosan`t. He says that the gravestone are not a big deal,and that it`s the child `s grave that is really bothering her.we get the sense that she`s bathered mostly by the child`s mound .but that she`s still unnerved by the stones and the fact that death is so close to her day in day out.

        ''cant`t a man speack of his own

         child he`s lost?      (37)

           one of the biggest problems in this poem is that ,no, this couple can not speck to eachother about death.Again and again ,they miss the mark in undersatnding the other`s emotiona and reactions.Here how the word ''lost'' here is used as a euphemism.The husband may have a graveyard on his properly,but he still won`t talk about death plainly.

              ''what had how long it takes

               a brich to rat

               To do with what was in the

               darkned parlor.''       (99-100)

  

       That time,it`s the woman using euphemis to talk about death.The thing in the darkeened parlor.we can guess is her dead child`s body.

             ''No,from the time when one is

              sick to death,one is alone,

              and he dies more alone.''

       The woman`s view of death is a lonaly one indeed.Listen to te sounds in these lines-we can hear the long mournful  ''o'' sound declaring her daression and sadness.She has jumped from discussing her son`s morality here to talking about death in genral,with some mopey assonance to boot.

            ''Friends make pretense of following

             to the grave,but before one is

             in it,their minds are turned.

             And making the best of their

             mind are turned and making

             the best of their the best of their

             way back to life.''

      The woman continues talking about how lonly dying is,as if she were the who were dead not her son.But perhaps she makes a good point -she is feel that her son died alone,that she is goinng to die alone and that her husbond can`t even come close to supporting her in grief.

       Here the example how the theme of death reflected in the work of two different writers of american literature.The example of death in ''Home burial'' & '' A cask of amontillado.''  The short story is an important genre in american litrature for a variety of reason,including but not limited to the rise of middle class and expansion westward the short story exploded in popularity in the early stage of american history.One of the preeminent author of this mode was Edger Allan pae.His tales are often gothik,macabre short stories,so it is not surprise that ''a man cask of amontillado''deals with death in some capacity.Robert frost was an american part from the early 20th century.He is often associated with rural life and pastralthems.These two auther are inextricable linked to certain locale [Poe to baltimore and frost to new england] and time period.Although nearly a hundred years and over hundred miles separate them,their works still share common threads.In the case of frost`s poem.''home burial'',and poe`s short story.''A cask of amontillado'',the death plays an essentialrole in each piece of literature. although the theme of death is dealt with differently in each piece,''home burial''and ''A cask of amonyillado'' rely heavily on mis communication between character to explare the theme of death.

       Death itself,in each story coudn`t be used any differntly.In a literal sense,the death of a couple`s child and subsequent burial begins the action of ''Home Burial''.While in ''A cask of Amontillado''.The death of Fortunato and premature burial are the death of fortunato and premature burial are the resolution to the story,so,''A cask ofamentillado'',concerns it self mainly with the theme of revenge and ''Home burial''concrens .it self with the theme of mourning,in the scope of the overall arching theme of death.This essntially paints,death in two different light; death being seen as a tragedy in one case and triumph in another.There isn`t much commnality withen the thema between the two in that aspect,

     Two poems of frostmeditate on diminished life,of an aged worker in''the death of the hired man'' and a child in ''Home burial.''also consider the division between husbsnd and wife in the ways they sympathize with other and console them in their grief.

      ''Home Burial'' treat a subject more pitiful than the death of an old hired man;It describes obliqurely the death of child who is buried within view of parsent house,and throgh the paradoxical language frost has described the them of death.as in ''the death of the hired man.'' is the effect thisevent has on surounding lives.We are introduced to the character as the husband attempt to gain some understanding of his wife by physicallypositioning himself so thst he to can look at the view that preoccupies her.This is a briliant moment in frost,in which the literal and thesymbolic seem so completly interchangeable that neither faithful realisam nor profound meaning is scarified.The husband perceives,''The little graveyard where[his] people are;'' (24).His ownership of the graveyard indicates.Some possession of grief,Though his wife,amy,feels betrayed of his composure and seeming callousness.She blams him for digging the grave,for ''making the grave leap and leap in air.''as though the energy mainfested in the digging is an expression of a light rather than heavy heart.amy`s anger is projected irrationally on to her husband for lack of any other outlet for her righteous emotions.She can not come to terms with the continuation of human affairs after herown world is destroyed.She later reveals this as s genral observation rether than simply one of her husband`srespons to the ragedy.Here in these lines we can seen the use of paradoxes of roboert frost in the poem''Home Burial''

             ''The nearest friend can go

              With anyone to death,comes

              Sofar short.They might

              as well not try to go at

              All no,from the time when

              one sick to death,one is

              alone,and he dies more

              alone,friend make pretense

              of follwing to the grave ,

              but before one is in it,their

              minds are turned,and making

              the best of their way back

              to life and living people,

              and things they understand.”

      The anonymous husband works first gently and uttimetly with violence to repair the chasm that alienates them from eachother.We can trace the progression.He asks amy to unburdan herself to him rather than another person -this ''Someone else'' who is likely also the ''someone coming down the road''.later in the poem. threatening to invade the marrige and revealing the extant am will go to consol herself.The husband shows movement of real comassion and eloquence.

            ''Let me in to year grief

             what was it brought you up to think it the thing

             to take your mother-loss of a frist child

             so incosolably-in the face of love.''

                                              (62,66,68)

         But Amy`s most direct accuactin are about his speech.She believes he is sneering,and that he dosent,''know how to speck''.His remarks about the rotting birch wood momentusly symbolize for her his apathy about their child`s death.Finally as he encourages her to consider her own angry words as a catharsis,she become irate;you oh,''you think the talk is all.''What is frost accomplishing hear?He prove the barest strokes.The nearest image of the tregedy we have of the tregedy is themention of ''child`s mound.'' and amy`s reference to ''the darkened parlor.''This understatement works for the reader.Who need only to understand the emotonal climate in order to reconstrust imaginatively the scene of death.The minical suggestive contrasts with the deluge of words that moves.